Product applications of liquid ammonia
2025-04-27
In industry, anhydrous ammonia is used in the manufacturing of rocket and missile propellants.
In industry, anhydrous ammonia is used in the manufacturing of rocket and missile propellants. It can be used as an ammonification raw material for organic chemical products. Because anhydrous ammonia absorbs a large amount of heat when it vaporizes and turns into gaseous ammonia, it is known as a "refrigerant." Simultaneously, anhydrous ammonia has a certain bactericidal effect, so it is used for sterilization and cooling in the poultry farming industry. Anhydrous ammonia can also be used in the mercerization of textiles. The lone electron pair in the NH3 molecule tends to form coordinate bonds with other molecules or ions, generating various forms of ammoniates. For example, [Ag(NH3)2]+, [Cu(NH3)4]2+, and BF3·NH3 are all coordination compounds with NH3 as the ligand. Anhydrous ammonia is an excellent solvent. Due to its molecular polarity and the presence of hydrogen bonds, anhydrous ammonia is very similar to water in many physical properties. While some active metals can displace hydrogen from water and generate hydroxides, this is not as easy in anhydrous ammonia. However, anhydrous ammonia can dissolve metals to form a blue solution. This metal-ammonia solution can conduct electricity and slowly release hydrogen gas, exhibiting strong reducing properties. For example, in a sodium-ammonia solution: The blue color, conductivity, and strong reducing properties of metal-ammonia solutions are due to the formation of "ammoniated electrons" in the solution.
For example, when metallic sodium dissolves in anhydrous ammonia, it loses its valence electrons to form positive ions: When ammonia is heated to 800～850℃ and decomposed under the action of a nickel-based catalyst, a hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas containing 75% H2 and 25% N2 can be obtained. The gas produced by this method is an excellent protective gas and can be widely used in the semiconductor industry, metallurgical industry, and other industries and scientific research requiring a protective atmosphere.
Ammonia gas and acetic acid gas are heated to 420℃ and reacted under the action of a catalyst to synthesize acetonitrile.
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